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Hemoglobin is a protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs.
Red blood cells, or erythrocytes, are the most common type of blood cells. They contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body and carbon dioxide back to the lungs to be exhaled.
White blood cells (WBCs), or leukocytes, are cells of the immune system that protect the body against infectious diseases and foreign invaders. They are produced in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood and lymphatic system.
Platelets, or thrombocytes, are small cell fragments in the blood that are essential for blood clotting and wound healing. They are produced in the bone marrow and play a crucial role in hemostasis.
Packed cell volume (PCV), or hematocrit, refers to the percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells. It is a measure used to assess the concentration of red blood cells in the bloodstream.
Mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) is the average amount of hemoglobin in each red blood cell. It is a crucial parameter in evaluating the amount of hemoglobin within red blood cells, which affects their oxygen-carrying capacity.
Mean cell volume (MCV) is the average volume of red blood cells in a blood sample. It is a crucial indicator used to classify different types of anemia based on the size of red blood cells.
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration refers to the average concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
The blood differential test can detect abnormal or immature cells. It can also diagnose an infection, inflammation, leukaemia, or an immune system disorder.
Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction in the body.
Potassium is a mineral that your body needs to work properly. It’s a type of electrolyte, which means it carries an electric charge when dissolved in body fluids like blood. Potassium helps regulate fluid balance, muscle contractions, and nerve signals.
Chloride is an ion formed from the element chlorine. It is commonly found in the body as part of salt (sodium chloride) and plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and pH balance.
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN): Urea nitrogen is a normal waste product in your blood that comes from the breakdown of protein from the foods you eat and from your body's metabolism. It is normally removed from your blood by your kidneys, but when kidney function slows down, the BUN level rises. BUN can also rise if you eat more protein, and it can fall if you eat less protein. Urine Protein: When your kidneys are damaged, protein leaks into your urine. A simple test can be done to detect protein in your urine. Persistent protein in the urine is an early sign of chronic kidney disease.
Uric acid is a waste product formed from the breakdown of purines, which are substances found in certain foods and tissues. It is normally excreted through the kidneys in urine. Elevated levels of uric acid in the blood can lead to conditions like gout or kidney stones.
Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscles from the breakdown of a compound called creatine phosphate. It is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in urine. Creatinine levels in the blood can indicate how well the kidneys are functioning.
Phosphate is a mineral that plays a crucial role in the formation of bones and teeth. It is also essential for energy metabolism, nerve function, and maintaining acid-base balance in the body. Phosphate is found in many foods, especially dairy products, meat, and whole grains.
Calcium is a mineral that is essential for building and maintaining strong bones and teeth. It also plays a crucial role in muscle function, nerve transmission, and hormone secretion. Calcium is primarily obtained from dairy products, leafy greens, and fortified foods.
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) using CKD-EPI equation is a calculation that estimates how well the kidneys are filtering blood. It takes into account factors such as serum creatinine level, age, sex, and ethnicity to provide an estimate of kidney function.
Total protein refers to the measurement of the total amount of protein present in the blood serum or plasma. It includes albumin and globulins, which are essential for various functions including maintaining osmotic balance and supporting immune function.
Albumin is a protein synthesized by the liver and found in the blood plasma. It helps maintain osmotic pressure, transports substances like hormones and drugs, and regulates pH balance.
Globulin are a group of proteins found in the blood plasma, synthesized primarily in the liver. They include antibodies (immunoglobulins) and other proteins involved in immune response, as well as transport of substances like hormones and lipids.
Total Bilirubin refers to the combined measurement of both direct (conjugated) and indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin in the blood. It is a waste product produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells.